The direct-hanging PCS serves storage tied straight into high-voltage grids: thermal-storage joint frequency regulation, renewable bases with storage and grid-side projects. BMS balancing inside each cluster keeps all cells under control, with no circulating current between parallel clusters, DC current at one sixth of a centralised layout and low arc risk. Transformer-less operation raises efficiency by 4-6% and cuts standby loss by 1-1.5%. Reversal takes 10 ms or less for fast frequency and voltage response, with no LCL resonance, and it also works as a direct-hanging SVG with simultaneous active and reactive control. Annual shipments exceed 5 GWh.
